Evaluation of clinical and functional sequels of central serous chorioretinopathy. A case series analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and functional sequelae of patients with a diagnosis of resolved CSC, through macular OCT, contrast sensitivity test, visual field 10-2 and Farnsworth D-15 color test. METHODS: 27 eyes of 26 individuals with CSC resolved by macular OCT were included and evaluated; the patients underwent a contrast sensitivity test with the Optec 6500 equipment, a 10-2 visual field with an Octopus 900 Haag-Streit, and a Farnsworth D-15 color test. RESULTS: Sequelae were observed in 20 eyes (74.1%) by macular OCT and in 21 (77.8%) in contrast sensitivity, predominantly type 2 defect. Also 27 (100%) had a visual field 10-2 altered corresponding to reduced foveal sensitivity, 11 eyes (40.7%) corresponded to central and paracentral scotomas. The color test showed alteration in 11 (40.7%) of the total eyes evaluated, finding tritanomaly in 9 of them (81.8%). No significant differences were observed in the studies between observation group vs the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: CSC can leave sequelae in the visual quality of patients despite treatment in the acute phase. Visual acuity before and after treatment in the intervention group had no significant difference.

Validation of the color graduation scale in the optical nerve photograph, an alternative for qualitative classification.

BACKGROUND: To validate objectively the proposed Teherán-Morales's color grading scale, comparing to the subjective readings of specialists in optic nerve photography. METHODS: Concordance study and diagnostic tests, in which 150 photographs of the optic nerve were evaluated, from three groups, glaucomatous neuropathy, neuropathy of other origin and control group with the Teherán-Morales's color scale and the analysis of three experts in optic nerve. Spearman's Rho correlation was performed between both analysis methods. RESULTS: In the analysis of all the photographs using Spearman's Rho, we found moderate correlations that were statistically significant P < 0.0001, the highest was in the temporal quadrant by observer 1 (r = 0.650 95% CI 0.546-0.733). In photographs of optic neuropathy, the correlations become moderately high, and statistically significant P < 0.0001, the highest correlation was for the temporal quadrant by observer 1 (r = 0.772 95% CI 0.626-0.865). In the glaucoma and normal eyes groups, there were moderate to low correlations with statistical significance P < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: The Teherán-Morales's scale, for color grading, is useful in detecting color, correlates moderately with the subjective assessment of experts in the optic nerve having its best performance in optic neuropathy with very pale discs. However, in normal or glaucomatous optic discs, it has a low correlation, compared to the subjective clinical assessment.

Validación de la escala de graduación del color en la fotografía del nervio óptico, una alternativa para la clasificación cualitativa / Validation of the color graduation scale in the optical nerve photograph, an alternative for qualitative classification

ObjetivoValidar de forma objetiva la escala de graduación del color Teherán-Morales propuesta, comparándola con las lecturas subjetivas de especialistas en lectura de fotografías del nervio óptico.Material y métodosEstudio de concordancia y pruebas diagnósticas, en el que 150 fotografías del nervio óptico fueron evaluadas, distribuidas en tres grupos, neuropatía glaucomatosa, neuropatía de otro origen y grupo control los cuales se sometieron a evaluación mediante la escala de color Teherán-Morales por parte de 3 expertos en nervio óptico independientes. Se realizó correlación Rho de Spearman entre ambos métodos de análisis.ResultadosEn el análisis de todas las fotografías mediante la rho de Spearman, encontramos correlaciones moderadas que fueron estadísticamente significativas P <0,0001, la mayor de ellas fue por el observador 1 (r=0,650 IC 95% 0,546 a 0,733) en el cuadrante temporal. En fotografías de neuropatía óptica, las correlaciones pasan a ser moderadas altas, y estadísticamente significativas P<0,0001, siendo la correlación más alta para el cuadrante temporal por el observador 1 (r=0,772 IC 95% 0,626 a 0,865). En los grupos de glaucoma y ojos normales, hubo correlaciones moderadas a bajas con significación estadística P <0,05.ConclusionesLa escala Teherán-Morales, para la graduación del color es útil en la detección del color, correlacionándose moderadamente con la valoración subjetiva de expertos en nervio óptico, teniendo su mejor desempeño en neuropatía óptica con discos muy pálidos. Sin embargo, en discos ópticos normales o glaucomatosos, tiene baja correlación, comparada con la valoración clínica subjetiva. (AU)

BackgroundTo validate objectively the proposed Teherán-Morales's color grading scale, comparing to the subjective readings of specialists in optic nerve photography.MethodsConcordance study and diagnostic tests, in which 150 photographs of the optic nerve were evaluated, from three groups, glaucomatous neuropathy, neuropathy of other origin and control group with the Teherán-Morales's color scale and the analysis of three experts in optic nerve. Spearman's Rho correlation was performed between both analysis methods.ResultsIn the analysis of all the photographs using Spearman's Rho, we found moderate correlations that were statistically significant P <.0001, the highest was in the temporal quadrant by observer 1 (r=0.650 95% CI 0.546 to 0.733). In photographs of optic neuropathy, the correlations become moderately high, and statistically significant P <.0001, the highest correlation was for the temporal quadrant by observer 1 (r=0.772 95% CI 0.626 to 0.865). In the glaucoma and normal eyes groups, there were moderate to low correlations with statistical significance P <.05.ConclusionsThe Teherán-Morales's scale, for color grading, is useful in detecting color, correlates moderately with the subjective assessment of experts in the optic nerve having its best performance in optic neuropathy with very pale discs. However, in normal or glaucomatous optic discs, it has a low correlation, compared to the subjective clinical assessment. (AU)

[Validity and reliability of the QOLIE-10 instrument for assessing health related quality of life in epilepsy of refractory epilepsy adult patients at a Colombian neurological center]. / Validez y fiabilidad del instrumento para evaluación de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en epilepsia QOLIE-10 en pacientes adultos con epilepsia refractaria en un centro neurológico colombiano.

AIM: To determine feasibility, reliability and validity of the shortened version of the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-10 (QOLIE-10) in a population of refractory epilepsy adult patients in the Colombian Caribbean. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data were collected from 63 adult refractory epilepsy patients. The ten items of QOLIE-10 were derived from the Spanish version of QOLIE-89. We assess feasibility, validity, factorial analysis with communalities, reliability through internal consistency and sensitivity to change. RESULTS: Clinical and demographic features were determined; quality of life was established through frequencies. Construct validity: through factor analysis communalities there were no items considered irrelevant and were grouped into one single dimension. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin: 0.891. Bartlett's test of sphericity: p < 0.001. Average intraclass correlation coefficient 0.843. The internal consistency reliability coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.98. The QOLIE-10 questionnaire for the assessment of health-related quality of life was validated in Spanish for adult patients with refractory epilepsy with excellent validity, reliability parameters and easy, quick filling. CONCLUSIONS: The QOLIE-10 questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for use in adult patients with refractory epilepsy in Colombia. Health professionals are encouraged to use this questionnaire to routinely examine the influences of the disease process in epilepsy patients.

TITLE: Validez y fiabilidad del instrumento para evaluación de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en epilepsia QOLIE-10 en pacientes adultos con epilepsia refractaria en un centro neurológico colombiano.Objetivo. Determinar la factibilidad, la fiabilidad y la validez de la versión en castellano del cuestionario breve de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en epilepsia QOLIE-10 en una población de pacientes adultos con epilepsia refractaria de un centro de referencia de enfermedades neurológicas del Caribe colombiano. Pacientes y métodos. Se recogieron datos de 63 pacientes con epilepsia refractaria. Los 10 ítems del cuestionario QOLIE-10 se derivaron de la versión en castellano del cuestionario QOLIE-89. Se evaluó la factibilidad, la validez, el análisis factorial con comunalidades, la fiabilidad a través de la consistencia interna y la sensibilidad al cambio. Resultados. Se determinaron las características demográficas y clínicas, y se determinó la calidad de vida por medio de las frecuencias. Validez de constructo: análisis factorial y comunalidades, no se encontraron ítems no relevantes y se agruparon en una sola dimensión. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin: 0,891. Esfericidad de Barlett: p menos de 0,001. Coeficiente de correlación intraclase media: 0,843. Fiabilidad: consistencia interna alfa de Cronbach, 0,98. Se validó el cuestionario QOLIE-10 de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adultos con epilepsia refractaria en castellano, con excelentes parámetros de fiabilidad y validez, y una administración rápida y fácil. Conclusiones. El cuestionario QOLIE-10 se considera una herramienta válida y fiable para su uso en la población de pacientes con epilepsia refractaria en Colombia. Se alienta a los profesionales de la salud a usar este cuestionario para examinar de manera rutinaria la influencia del proceso de enfermedad en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con epilepsia.

Exposición a pesticidas como factor de riesgo para enfermedad de Parkinson: un estudio caso-control en el municipio de San Juan Nepomuceno (Bolívar) / Exposure to pesticides as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease: a case-control study in San Juan Nepomuceno town (Bolivar)

La enfermedad de Parkinson es el segundo trastorno neurodegenerativo más común después de la enfermedad de Alzheimer, afectando la calidad de vida, no sólo de la persona que lo padece, sino también la de su entorno familiar. Se ha sugerido la interacción entre la susceptibilidad genética con un 10 % y la exposición a factores ambientales en un 90 %; considerando los pesticidas como un factor de riesgo potencialmente alto debido a su toxicidad y efectos neurodegenerativos. San Juan Nepomuceno es un municipio cuya principal actividad económica es la agricultura y la ganadería; prácticas que requieren el uso de pesticidas como paraquat, glifosato, aminas y picloram; exponiendo de esta manera a los campesinos y otros habitantes del municipio a este tipo de sustancias. Este estudio de investigación tiene como objetivo principal determinar la relación entre la exposición a pesticidas y la prevalencia de enfermedad de Parkinson en el municipio de San Juan Nepomuceno, Bolívar; mediante un diseño epidemiológico observacional analítico de casos y controles. De esta manera, se busca reforzar las medidas preventivas sobre el uso de pesticidas para disminuir la incidencia y prevalencia de enfermedad de Parkinson

Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease, affecting the quality of life, not only of the person who suffers it, but also to their family surroundings. The interaction between genetic susceptibility with 10% and exposure to environmental factors by 90% has been suggested; considering pesticides as a potentially high risk factor due to its toxicity and neurodegenerative effects. San Juan Nepomuceno is a municipality whose main economic activity is agriculture and livestock; activities that require the use of pesticides such as paraquat, glyphosate, amines, picloram; exposing in this way, the farmers and other habitants of the municipality to this type of substances. The main objective of this research study is to determine the relationship between exposure to pesticides and the prevalence of Parkinson's disease in the municipality of San Juan Nepomuceno, Bolívar; considering an epidemiological observational analytical design of cases and controls. In this way, it seeks to strengthen preventive measures on the use of pesticides to reduce the incidence and prevalence of Parkinson's disease